ABSTRACT

Aim: Testicular cancers are among the most prevalent solid tumors in young males. The majority of these cases involve germ cell tumors, with seminomas emerging as the predominant histological subtype. This study aimed to investigate both the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with testicular tumors and the distribution of histopathological subtypes within this cohort.

Methods: Patients aged 18 years who were diagnosed with testicular tumors other than secondary malignancies and were followed up at our clinic between 2008 and 2022 were included in the study. Comprehensive clinical and pathological data were meticulously recorded for each patient. Survival outcomes were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test.

Results: Germ cell tumors exhibited a median onset age of 29. Among the cases, non-seminomatous tumors accounted for 55.9% of the cases, whereas seminomas accounted for 44.1%. Within the non-seminomatous tumor category, mixed germ cell tumors were the most frequently encountered subtype, accounting for 45.4% of cases. Testicular involvement was noted predominantly in the right side testis (56.7%), followed by the left-side testis (42.3%), and bilateral involvement was rare (1%). The percentage of patients diagnosed at stage 1 was 56.7%.

Conclusion: Germ cell tumors are primary testicular malignancies and remain a significant health problem in young men. Although seminomas have historically been predominant, there has been an increase in the rates of non-seminomatous tumors in recent years. Early and accurate diagnosis remains the most important step toward successful treatment of such tumors.