In vitro Application of Cadmium within Bone Cement in Osteosarcoma

INTRODUCTION: Objective: Osteosarcoma is usually seen in childhood and young adults and presents itself very aggressive. Great treatment success with limb-sparing surgery and chemotherapy are provided, but the residue tumor cells that remains at the microscopic level are increasing the likelihood of tumor recurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro applicability of cadmium with cement and to evaluate the preliminary findings for its effectiveness in preventing the possibility of residual tumor and recurrence by local application after surgery.

METHODS: Materials and Methods: The MG-63 and K7M2 osteosarcoma cell lines were divided into four groups. The first group included application of bone cement which absorbed cadmium after preparation. The second group of bone cements were prepared with adding cadmium into powdered bone cement was applied to the cell lines in increasing numbers. The percentages of viability in cell lines were evaluated using WST-1 method and compared with bone cement prepared in the standard manner without adding cadmium and application of cadmium solution into cell lines.
RESULTS: Results: In the second group where the cement was prepared by adding cadmium before bone cement mixing; higher cytotoxic effect was detected than the first group which consisted of bone cement which absorbed cadmium after cement preparation. When cadmium solution without bone cement was applied, 5 and 10-fold dilutions showed the highest anti-proliferative effect in the study (25% and 42% viability). In the group where bone cement without any cadmium was applied, the highest rate of viability was observed reaching up to %80.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Conclusion: This study has shown that bone cement either prepared with cadmium or absorbed cadmium after preparation; may be administered as an adjuvant therapy and both have cytotoxic effects upon osteosarcoma

Osteosarkomda Kadmiyumun Kemik Çimentosu Ýçerisinde In vitro Uygulanabilirliði

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Amaç: Osteosarkom genelde çocukluk ve genç eriþkin yaþlarda görülmekte ve çok agresif seyretmektedir. Tedavide ekstremite koruyucu cerrahi ve kemoterapi yöntemleri ile büyük baþarýlar saðlanmýþtýr, ancak mikroskobik düzeyde kalabilen rezidü tümörler rekürrens olasýlýðýný arttýrmaktadýr. Bu çalýþmada kadmiyumun sement ile birlikte in vitro uygulanabilirliðini deðerlendirilmesi ve cerrahi sonrasý lokal uygulanarak rezidü tümör ve rekürrens olasýlýðýný önlemedeki etkinliði için ön bulgularýn deðerlendirilmesi amaçlanmýþtýr.

YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Gereç ve Yöntem: MG-63 ve K7M2 osteosarkom hücre hatlarý dört gruba ayrýlarak ilk gruba kadmiyumun dondurulmuþ kemik çimentosuna emdirilmiþ hali; ikinci gruba ise kadmiyumun toz haldeki çimentoya eklendikten sonra karýþtýrýlarak hazýrlanmýþ þekli artan sayýlarda hücre hatlarýna uygulanmýþtýr. Sadece kadmiyum çözeltisinin uygulandýðý ve kadmiyum eklenmeden standart þekilde hazýrlanan kemik çimentosunun uygulandýðý hücre hatlarýndaki canlýlýk yüzdeleri ile WST-1 yöntemi kullanýlarak karþýlaþtýrýlmýþtýr.

BULGULAR: Bulgular: Kadmiyum eklenip karýþtýrýlarak hazýrlanan çimentonun uygulandýðý grupta; donmuþ çimentoya emdirilerek uygulandýðý gruptan daha yüksek sitotoksik etki tespit edildi. Tek baþýna kadmiyum uygulandýðýnda ise 5 ve 10 kat seyreltmeler çalýþmadaki en yüksek anti-proliferatif etkiyi gösterdi (%25 ve %42 canlýlýk). Sementin kadmiyumsuz uygulandýðý grupta ise %80’lere ulaþan en yüksek oranda canlýlýk gözlendi.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Sonuç: Bu çalýþma ile kadmiyumun dondurulmuþ çimento içerisine emdirilerek ya da çimento hazýrlýðý sýrasýnda kemik çimentosuna eklenmesi ile uygulanabileceði ve her iki þekilde de Osteosarkom hücreleri üzerine sitotoksik etkiye sahip olduðu gösterilmiþtir.