Anticancer, Antiproliferative, Lysosomal and Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibitory Effects of Fruit Extracts from Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) on Human Lung Cancer Cells

INTRODUCTION: Sumac (Rhus coriaria L., Anacardiaceae) is traditionally used edible-plant in the Anatolia. Although, it has been preferred in alternative therapeutic approaches due to the presence of many bioactive phytochemicals, the literature survey demonstrated limited works have been undertaken for analyzing the anticancer and antiproliferative activities of the extracts.
METHODS: Therefore, the current research was aimed to evaluate totally anticancer potentials of extracts from R. coriaria L. fruits for contribution to medicinal and traditional uses of sumac. In this respect, anticancer and antiproliferative potentials, lysosomal and lactate dehydrogenase inhibitory effects were determined against A549, H1299 and H460 human lung cancer cell lines.
RESULTS: The results revealed almost all the extracts of sumac exhibited powerful anticancer and cytotoxic activities in a time and dose dependent manner. Among the extracts, aqueous and methanolic extracts were found to be highly cytotoxic with IC50 values in range of 5,08 – 6,49 µg/mL against all tested human lung cancer cells. It was observed that cell growth and cell viability in cancer cell lines were inhibited by the extracts. Additionally, increasing extracts exposure time and dose resulted in increasing the lysosomal functions and membrane permeability in the cell lines.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Consequently, these findings suggest that sumac has potential uses in cancer therapy as an alternative herbal therapeutic agent as well as their uses as food and spice.

Sumak (Rhus coriaria L.) Meyve Özütlerinin Ýnsan Akciðer Kanser Hücre Hatlarý Üzerinde Antikanser, Antiproliferatif, Lizozomal ve Laktat Dehidrogenaz Ýnhibitör Etkileri

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Sumak (Rhus coriaria L., Anacardiaceae), Anadolu'da geleneksel olarak yenilebilir bitkidir. Sumak, pek çok biyoaktif fitokimyasal ihtiva etmesinden dolayý, alternatif tedavi yaklaþýmlarýnda tercih edilmesine raðmen; literatür araþtýrmalarý sumak özütlerinin antikanser ve antiproliferatif aktivitelerini analiz etmek amacýyla sýnýrlý sayýda çalýþmalar yapýldýðýný göstermiþtir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu nedenle, sumak bitkisinin týbbi ve geleneksel kullanýmlarýna katkýda bulunmak amacýyla, R. coriaria L. meyvelerinden elde edilen özütlerin kanseri önleyici potansiyellerinin araþtýrýlmasý amaçlanmýþtýr. Bu baðlamda, A549, H1299 ve H460 insan akciðer kanseri hücre hatlarýna karþý antikanser ve antiproliferatif potansiyeller, lizozomal ve laktat dehidrojenaz inhibitör etkileri belirlenmiþtir.
BULGULAR: Sonuçlar, sumak ekstraktlarýnýn zamana ve doza baðýmlý olarak güçlü antikanser ve sitotoksik aktivite gösterdiðini ortaya koymuþtur. Sumak özütleri arasýnda, sulu ve metanolik ekstrelerin, test edilen tüm insan akciðer kanseri hücrelerine karþý 5,08 - 6,49 µg / mL IC50 deðer aralýðýyla yüksek derecede sitotoksik olduðu bulunmuþtur. Kanser hücre hatlarýnda, hücre büyümesinin ve hücre canlýlýðýnýn sumak özütleri tarafýndan engellendiði gözlenmiþtir. Ayrýca, hücre hatlarýnýn uzun süre ve artan dozlarda özütlere maruz kalmasý, hücrelerde lizozomal fonksiyonlarý ve membran geçirgenliðini artýrmýþtýr.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Sonuç olarak, çalýþma bulgularý sumak bitkisinin gýda ve baharat olarak kullanýmýnýn yaný sýra; alternatif bitkisel terapötik ajan olarak kanser tedavisinde kullanýlma potansiyelini ortaya koymuþtur.